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1.
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion ; (12): 271-276, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-927372

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the efficacy of different acupuncture frequencies in tobacco-dependent patients and explore the impact of nicotine metabolite rate (NMR) on smoking cessation in the intervention with acupuncture.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 cases of tobacco-dependent patients were randomly divided into a high-frequency group (60 cases, 12 cases dropped off) and a low-frequency group (60 cases, 6 cases dropped off). In the two groups, smoking cessation counseling was provided prior to acupuncture. Acupuncture was applied to Baihui (GV 20), Lieque (LU 7), Zusanli (ST 36), etc. Additionally, electric stimulation was added at Lieque (LU 7) and Zusanli (ST 36), with continuous wave, 15 Hz in frequency. The duration of treatment was 8 weeks in either group. In the high-frequency group, the treatment was given 5 times weekly from week 1 to week 4, and was 3 times weekly from week 5 to week 8. In the low-frequency group, the treatment was given 3 times weekly from week 1 to week 4, and was twice a week from week 5 to week 8. The immediate withdrawal rate, persistent withdrawal rate, the score of Fagerstrőm test for nicotine dependence (FTND) before and after treatment, as well as the score of Minnesota nicotine withdrawal scale (MNWS) in 1 and 8 weeks of treatment were compared among the patients with high and low NMR between the two groups separately. The Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the influencing factors of smoking cessation in the intervention with acupuncture.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, there was no statistical significance of the differences in the immediate withdrawal rate (35.4% [17/48] vs 29.6% [16/54]) and the persistent withdrawal rate (33.3% [16/48] vs 25.9% [14/54]) between the high-frequency group and the low-frequency group (P>0.05). The difference in withdrawal rate had no statistical significance between high and low NMR patients (P>0.05). FTND scores after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P<0.01) and MNWS scores were lower than those in 1 week of treatment (P<0.01) in the two groups. However, the differences had no statistical significance between the two groups and between the patients with high NMR and low NMR (P>0.05). Age, education level and NMR were the influencing factors of smoking cessation in the intervention with acupuncture (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture with different frequencies has no obvious impact on the efficacy in tobacco-dependent patients. The lower nicotine metabolite rate in individuals, the better efficacy of acupuncture. The smokers with high nicotine metabolite rate may obtain a better effect of cessation in the high-frequency intervention with acupuncture.


Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture Therapy , Nicotine , Smoking Cessation/psychology
3.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 73(1): e20180188, 2020.
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1057764

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand what factors motivate people to reduce or stop tobacco use and what difficulties they face in this process. Method: Qualitative, empirical and interpretative research that used a focal group technique for data collection and Discourse Analysis as a theoretical reference for analysis. Results: The responses centered on the following aspects: motivation for reduction or cessation of smoking, family and community support received during treatment, benefits from cessation of tobacco, difficulties encountered and strategies for overcoming triggers. Final Considerations: The results showed that the users expressed their desire for cessation of tobacco use and that to achieve this goal, family and group support, professional help and changing habits are key factors for this process.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender qué factores motivan a las personas a reducir o abandonar el consumo de tabaco y las dificultades que enfrentan en este proceso. Método: Investigación cualitativa, empírica e interpretativa en la cual se utilizó la técnica del grupo focal para la recolección de datos y el análisis del discurso como referencia teórica para el análisis. Resultados: Los discursos trataron los siguientes aspectos: motivación para reducir o dejar de fumar; apoyo familiar y comunitario recibido durante el tratamiento; beneficios de dejar el tabaco; dificultades encontradas y estrategias para superar los disparadores. Consideraciones finales: Los resultados mostraron que los usuarios expresaron su deseo de dejar de usar el tabaco y que para lograr este objetivo, el apoyo familiar y grupal, la ayuda profesional y los cambios en los hábitos demostraron ser factores determinantes en el proceso.


RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender quais fatores motivam as pessoas a reduzirem ou cessarem o uso de tabaco e as dificuldades enfrentadas neste processo. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, empírica e interpretativa que empregou a técnica de grupo focal para a coleta de dados e a Análise de Discurso como referencial teórico de análise. Resultados: Os discursos versaram acerca dos seguintes aspectos: motivação para redução ou cessação de fumar; apoio familiar e comunitário recebido durante o tratamento; benefícios obtidos com a cessação do tabaco; dificuldades encontradas e as estratégias para vencer os gatilhos. Considerações Finais: Os resultados mostraram que os usuários se expressaram desejosos pela cessação do uso de tabaco e que para alcançar esta meta, o apoio familiar e do grupo, a ajuda profissional e as mudanças de hábitos se revelaram fatores determinantes no processo.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Motivation , Self-Help Groups , Health Behavior , Interviews as Topic/methods , Smoking Cessation/methods , Focus Groups/methods , Qualitative Research
4.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 29(4): e2019604, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124760

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: conhecer a opinião de escolares adolescentes fumantes sobre aconselhamento e tratamento para cessação do tabagismo, e investigar se uma opinião negativa estava associada à falta de motivação para parar de fumar. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado no estado de Goiás, Brasil, com amostra intencional de escolares adolescentes, em 2018; utilizou-se regressão de Poisson. Resultados: participaram 130 adolescentes. A maioria manifestou opinião positiva sobre as três intervenções para cessação do tabagismo pesquisadas - aconselhamento médico (76,2%), aconselhamento odontológico (70,0%) e tratamento para cessação (66,2%); Opiniões negativas foram mais frequentes entre jovens desmotivados a abandonar o tabagismo (p<0,05), análises de regressão revelaram a falta de motivação para parar de fumar associada à opinião negativa sobre cada uma das três intervenções. Conclusão: os adolescentes apresentaram opinião positiva sobre oferta de aconselhamento e tratamento para cessação do tabagismo em serviços de saúde; opinião negativa foi associada à falta de motivação para cessar o tabagismo.


Objetivo: Conocer la opinión de escolares fumadores adolescentes sobre el asesoramiento y el tratamiento para dejar de fumar en servicios de salud, e investigar si una opinión negativa está asociada a la falta de motivación para parar de fumar. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en Goiás, Brasil, con muestra intencional de escolares adolescentes, en 2018; se utilizó la Regresión de Poisson. Resultados: Participaron 130 adolescentes, la mayoría expresó una opinión positiva sobre las tres intervenciones para cesar el tabaquismo: asesoramiento médico (76,2%) y dental (70,0%), y tratamiento para cesación (66,2%). Las opiniones negativas fueron más frecuentes entre adolescentes sin motivación para parar de fumar (p<0.05). Los análisis de regresión revelaron que la falta de motivación para parar estaba asociada a opinión negativa sobre cada intervención. Conclusión: Los adolescentes tenían una opinión positiva sobre asesoramiento y tratamiento para dejar de fumar en servicios de salud. La opinión negativa se asoció con falta de motivación para dejar el hábito.


Objective: To know the opinion of adolescent school smokers about smoking cessation counseling and treatment, and to investigate whether negative opinion was associated with lack of motivation to stop smoking. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Goiás state, Brazil, with an intentional sample of adolescent students, in 2018. Poisson regression was used. Results: One hundred and thirty adolescents took part. Most of them expressed a positive opinion on the three smoking cessation interventions surveyed: medical counseling (76.2%), dental counseling (70.0%), and smoking cessation treatment (66.2%). Negative opinions were more frequent among adolescents who were not motivated to stop smoking (p<0.05). Regression analyses revealed that lack of motivation to quit smoking was associated with a negative opinion about each intervention. Conclusion: The adolescents had a positive opinion about counseling and treatment for smoking cessation in health services. Negative opinion was associated with lack of motivation to quit smoking.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Smoking Cessation , Smoking Prevention , Brazil , Student Health , Surveys and Questionnaires , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Adolescent Health , Health Risk Behaviors
5.
Rev. enferm. UERJ ; 27: e38987, jan.-dez. 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1005518

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: descrever a cessação do tabagismo entre usuários da estratégia saúde da família. Método: estudo longitudinal realizado em duas unidades de atenção básica no período de junho a dezembro de 2016 com usuários tabagistas participantes do Programa de Tratamento do Tabagismo. A cessação do tabagismo foi descrita segundo variáveis sociodemográficas e variáveis relacionadas à história tabagística e à participação no Programa. As análises bivariadas se basearam no teste exato de Fisher, nos testes não paramétrico U de Mann-Whitney e Correlação de Spearman); foi adotado nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: verificou-se que sexo masculino, uso de medicamento e número de sessões que o indivíduo participou relacionaram-se estatisticamente à cessação do tabagismo. Conclusão: O presente estudo evidenciou que a cessação do tabagismo é influenciada pelo sexo masculino, participação nas sessões propostas pelo programa de tabagismo e uso de medicamentos oferecidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde.


Objective: to describe the cessation of smoking among Family Health Strategy users. Method: this longitudinal study was conducted at two primary care units from June to December 2016 with smokers participating in the Smoking Treatment Program. Cessation was described according to sociodemographic, smoking history and program participation variables. The bivariate analyzes were based on Fisher's exact test, non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests, and Spearman's correlation; a 5% significance level was adopted. Results: cessation of smoking was found to be statistically related to male sex, medication use, and number of program sessions that the individual attended. Conclusion: this study showed that cessation of smoking is influenced by male sex, participation in smoking treatment program sessions, and use of medications offered by the Unified Health System.


Objetivo: describir el cese del tabaquismo entre usuarios de la estrategia de salud familiar. Método: estudio longitudinal realizado en dos unidades de atención básica en el período de junio a diciembre de 2016 junto a fumadores participantes del Programa de Tratamiento del Tabaquismo. El cese del tabaquismo se describió según variables sociodemográficas y variables relacionadas con la historia del fumador y la participación en el Programa. Los análisis bivariados se basaron en la prueba exacta de Fisher, en las pruebas no paramétricas U de Mann-Whitney y la Correlación de Spearman); se adoptó un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: se verificó que el sexo masculino, el uso de remedios y el número de sesiones en que el individuo participó están relacionados estadísticamente al cese de fumar. Conclusión: el presente estudio evidenció que el cese del tabaquismo es influenciado por el sexo masculino, la participación en las sesiones propuestas por el programa de tabaquismo y el uso de remedios ofrecidos por el Sistema Único de Salud.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Public Health Nursing , Tobacco Use Disorder , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Smoking Prevention , Tobacco Use Disorder/prevention & control , Tobacco Use Disorder/rehabilitation , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Longitudinal Studies
7.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 72(4): 948-955, Jul.-Aug. 2019.
Article in English | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1020523

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the experience of nurses in the approach to tobacco users in primary health care services. Method: Qualitative, phenomenological research with 15 nurses who were interviewed between January and March 2017. Their speeches were analyzed and classified into categories. Results: the approach by nurses to tobacco users is performed in an individual and unsystematic manner and in operative groups in accordance with the principles of the cognitive-behavioral therapy. This is a complex approach due to issues related to users themselves and to human, material, and structural resources. The expectations of nurses include supporting smoking cessation and expanding the tobacco use prevention work in educational environments. Final considerations: this study points out that nurses need to use the nursing care systematization in coordination with the recommendations of policies aimed at tobacco use control to perform their role in the promotion, control, and reduction of health complications in tobacco users.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender la experiencia del enfermero en el abordaje a los fumadores en atención primaria de salud. Método: Investigación cualitativa y fenomenológica con 15 enfermeros entrevistadas entre enero y marzo de 2017. Testimonios analizados y organizados en categorías. Resultados: El acercamiento de las enfermeras al fumador se realiza de forma individual y asistemática y en grupos operativos siguiendo los principios de la terapia cognitivo-conductual. Este enfoque es complejo debido a cuestiones relacionadas con el fumador y con los recursos humanos, materiales y estructurales. Las expectativas de las enfermeras incluyen apoyar la cesación tabáquica y expandir el trabajo de prevención del tabaquismo en entornos educativos. Consideraciones finales: Se señala la necesidad de que las enfermeras adecuen la sistematización de la atención de enfermería articulada a las recomendaciones de las políticas de control del tabaquismo, cumpliendo su rol en la promoción, control y reducción de los problemas de salud de los fumadores.


RESUMO Objetivo: compreender a experiência do enfermeiro na abordagem aos usuários tabagistas na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, fenomenológica, com 15 enfermeiros entrevistados entre janeiro e março de 2017. Os depoimentos foram analisados e organizados em categorias. Resultados: a abordagem dos enfermeiros ao usuário tabagista é realizada de modo individual e assistemático e em grupos operativos seguindo os princípios da terapia cognitivo-comportamental. Essa abordagem é complexa por causa de questões relativas ao próprio usuário e aos recursos humanos, materiais e estruturais. As expectativas dos enfermeiros incluem apoiar a cessação do tabagismo e expandir o trabalho de prevenção do uso do tabaco em espaços educativos. Considerações finais: aponta-se a necessidade de o enfermeiro apropriar-se da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem articulada às recomendações das políticas voltadas para o controle do tabagismo, com vistas a cumprir seu papel na promoção, no controle e na diminuição dos agravos à saúde dos usuários tabagistas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care/methods , Tobacco Use/psychology , Nurse-Patient Relations , Nursing Process/trends , Primary Health Care/trends , Attitude of Health Personnel , Smoking Cessation/methods , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Tobacco Use/therapy
9.
Acta Paul. Enferm. (Online) ; 32(3): 290-297, Mai.-Jun. 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1010813

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo Realizar a tradução e adaptação transcultural da escala "Smoking Cessation Counseling" para a língua portuguesa e o contexto brasileiro e avaliar a confiabilidade da versão adaptada. Métodos Pesquisa metodológica de adaptação transcultural que empregou as seguintes fases: tradução, síntese das traduções, retrotradução, comitê de experts e pré-teste. No pré-teste, foi verificado a confiabilidade da escala por meio da análise da consistência interna (Alfa de Cronbach). Resultados Na tradução e retrotradução, as discordâncias relacionaram-se ao uso de sinônimos e nenhum dos itens foi modificado em relação ao seu entendimento e sim na adequação para a realidade brasileira. A avaliação do comitê de experts demonstrou que a retrotradução manteve as equivalências semântica e idiomática. A consistência interna da SCC mostrou-se excelente (0,916). Conclusão A escala adaptada tem equivalência cultural com o instrumento original e evidências de alta confiabilidade. Demais propriedades psicométricas estão sendo investigadas.


Resumen Objetivo Realizar la traducción y adaptación transcultural de la escala "Smoking Cessation Counseling" a la lengua portuguesa y al contexto brasileño y evaluar la confiabilidad de la versión adaptada. Métodos Investigación metodológica de adaptación transcultural que siguió las siguientes etapas: traducción, síntesis de las traducciones, retrotraducción, comité de especialistas y prueba piloto. En la prueba piloto, se verificó la confiabilidad de la escala por medio del análisis de la consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach). Resultados En la traducción y retrotraducción, las discrepancias estaban relacionadas con el uso de sinónimos y no se modificó ningún ítem con relación a su comprensión, pero sí respecto a la adaptación a la realidad brasileña. La evaluación del comité de especialistas demostró que la retrotraducción mantuvo las equivalencias semánticas e idiomáticas. La consistencia interna de la SCC demostró ser excelente (0,916). Conclusión La escala adaptada tiene equivalencia cultural con el instrumento original y evidencias de alta confiabilidad. Otras propiedades psicométricas están siendo investigadas.


Abstract Objective To carry out the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Smoking Cessation Counseling scale into Portuguese and into the Brazilian context, as well as assessing the reliability of the adapted version. Methods Methodological research on cross-cultural adaptation that used the following phases: translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, expert committee and pretest. In pretest, scale reliability was verified through internal consistency analysis (Cronbach's Alpha). Results In translation and back-translation, the disagreements were related to the use of synonyms and none of the items was modified in relation to their understanding, but rather in the adequacy to the Brazilian reality. The experts committee's evaluation showed that back-translation maintained semantic and idiomatic equivalences. SCC's internal consistency proved to be excellent (0.916). Conclusion The adapted scale has cultural equivalence with the original tool and evidence of high reliability. Other psychometric properties are under investigation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychometrics/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Smoking Cessation/methods , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Translating , Validation Study
10.
Salud pública Méx ; 61(3): 276-285, may.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094465

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Objective: Evaluate the patterns of e-cigarette use and their association with smoking behavior. Materials and methods: We analyzed data from a population-based representative cohort of adult smokers who participated in the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Surveys in Mexico. The analytic sample (n=760) was restricted to participants who were followed up from wave 6 (2012) to wave 7 (2014-2015). GEE models regressed e-cigarette use at follow-up and changes in cigarettes per day (CPD) between waves, on baseline sociodemographic variables, smoking status (daily, non-daily, quit), e-cigarette trial, and quit intentions. Results: Smokers who were younger, had a higher income, and had tried e-cigarettes at baseline were more likely to be current e-cigarette users at follow-up. E-cigarette use at follow-up was not associated with a change in CPD over time. Conclusions: E-cigarette use does not appear to have promoted smoking cessation or reduction in this sample of Mexican smokers.


Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar los patrones de uso de cigarros electrónicos y su asociación con el uso de tabaco. Material y métodos: Se usaron datos de una cohorte de fumadores adultos mexicanos de la Encuesta Internacional de Evaluación de Políticas del Control del Tabaco (n=760) con seguimiento de la ronda 6 (2012) a la 7 (2014-2015). Se usaron modelos GEE para evaluar el uso de cigarros electrónicos y el cambio en el número de cigarros por día (CPD) en variables de la basal sobre características sociodemográficas, consumo del cigarro (diario, no diario, haber dejado de fumar), prueba de cigarros electrónicos e intención de dejar de fumar. Resultados: Fumadores jóvenes, con ingresos altos y que probaron cigarros electrónicos en la medición basal tenían más posibilidad de usar cigarros electrónicos. No se encontró relación entre uso de cigarros electrónicos y cambio en CPD. Conclusiones: Los cigarros electrónicos no parecen promover el abandono ni la reducción del consumo de cigarros en esta muestra de fumadores mexicanos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Smoking/psychology , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Intention , Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems/statistics & numerical data , Smoking Reduction/psychology , Cohort Studies , Mexico
11.
São Paulo med. j ; 137(3): 234-240, May-June 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1020961

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: There are still few studies on predictors of smoking cessation in Brazilian samples. Experimentation with tobacco during adolescence (ETA) may be one of the important predictors. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed, within the context of a treatment-seeking group of subjects, to test the hypothesis that ETA negatively affects the outcome of smoking cessation during adulthood. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective (historic) cohort study conducted at a psychosocial care center in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2007 and 2010. METHODS: Data on sociodemographics, smoking and medical profiles were obtained through self-report questionnaires that were completed at the baseline and at any follow-up appointment. Logistic regression models were constructed to describe factors associated with the outcome of smoking cessation, measured according to the self-reported four-week success rate among 367 outpatient smokers. RESULTS: ETA was found to be associated with not quitting smoking through the treatment (odds ratio = 0.57; 95% confidence interval = 0.33-0.96; P < 0.05), even after adjustment for dependence level, sociodemographics, nicotine patch use and number of years of smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Early exposure to nicotine may lead to higher risk of continuing smoking after treatment, in adulthood.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Adolescent Behavior , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Socioeconomic Factors , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Age of Onset
12.
Rev. invest. clín ; 71(1): 7-16, Jan.-Feb. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1289665

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Smoking is considered an epidemic, indeed, one of the most important public health problems worldwide. It is also the most significant preventable cause of death, of a high number of premature deaths, and avoidable chronic diseases. It is considered an enormous economic burden for the world. Objective To provide an overview of smoking-cessation treatments, including pharmacological and psychological options, and to gather current scientific evidence available on them. Methods Research included reviewing publications from 2007-2018 in four databases using algorithms related to bupropion, varenicline, nicotine replacement therapy, smoking cessation, psychological treatment, motivational interview, cognitive-behavioral therapy and clinical guidelines for smoking treatment. Meta-analyses or systematic reviews and randomized or quasi-randomized trials were selected. We also included clinical guidelines for smoking treatment from Mexico and other countries. Results After refining the search, 37 articles met the criteria and were included in the review. The results were grouped by type of intervention. Conclusions It is necessary to conduct research on combinations of both kinds of treatment with an integral, multidisciplinary vision. Current standard for smoking cessation is a combined psychological and pharmacological treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Smoking Cessation/methods , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Tobacco Use Cessation Devices , Smoking/adverse effects , Smoking/epidemiology , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Bupropion/administration & dosage , Motivational Interviewing/methods , Varenicline/administration & dosage , Smoking Cessation Agents/administration & dosage , Mexico
13.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 72(supl.3): 259-265, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | BDENF, LILACS | ID: biblio-1057691

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to know the social and family relationships of pregnant women and to analyze their influence in keep smoking during pregnancy. Method: it is a descriptive-exploratory study with a qualitative approach, which had as subjects 10 pregnant smokers. Data were collected from January to March / 2015, through interviews, and organized into graphical representations of the genogram/ecomap and discourse units. Results: pregnant women had low educational level, precarious insertion in the work market and relations of great dependence of the family. Tobacco consumption integrates the family environment and is viewed naturally in the sociocultural environment. In prenatal care, there was no coordinated and longitudinal intervention for smoking cessation. Conclusion: smoking cessation is strongly influenced by the social environment, and the family is an important component of this network. In this sense, strategies to approach smoking should allow a reflection of the norms and rules of the family.


RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer las relaciones sociales y familiares de mujeres embarazadas y analizar su influencia en el mantenimiento del tabaquismo durante el embarazo. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo-exploratorio con abordaje cualitativo, lo cual tuvo como sujetos 10 mujeres embarazadas tabaquistas. La recolección de datos ocurrió desde enero hasta marzo 2015, por medio de entrevistas. Fueron organizados en representaciones graficas del genograma/ecomapa y unidades de discurso. Resultados: esas mujeres tenían baja escolaridad, precaria inserción en el mercado de trabajo y relaciones de gran dependencia con su familia. El consumo del tabaco integra el ambiente familiar y se ve con naturalidad en el medio sociocultural; en la asistencia prenatal, se constató la inexistencia de una intervención coordinada y longitudinal para el cese del tabaquismo. Conclusión: el cese del tabaquismo sufre una fuerte influencia del medio social, siendo la familia un importante componente de esa red. En este sentido, las estrategias para el abordaje del tabaquismo deben posibilitar una reflexión de las normas y reglas de la familia.


RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer as relações sociais e familiares de gestantes e analisar sua influência na manutenção do tabagismo, durante a gestação. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, que teve como sujeitos 10 gestantes tabagistas. Os dados foram coletados de janeiro a março/2015, por meio de entrevistas, e organizados em representações gráficas do genograma/ecomapa e unidades de discurso. Resultados: as gestantes tinham baixa escolaridade, precária inserção no mercado de trabalho e relações de grande dependência da família. O consumo do tabaco integra o ambiente familiar e é encarado com naturalidade no meio sociocultural. Na assistência pré-natal, constatou-se inexistência de uma intervenção coordenada e longitudinal para a cessação do tabagismo. Conclusão: a cessação do tabagismo sofre forte influência do meio social, sendo a família um importante componente dessa rede. Nesse sentido, as estratégias para abordagem do tabagismo devem possibilitar uma reflexão das normas e regras da família.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Smoking , Pregnant Women/psychology , Social Norms , Social Support , Brazil , Interviews as Topic/methods , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Qualitative Research , Interpersonal Relations
14.
J. bras. pneumol ; 45(4): e20170080, 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-990116

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the prevalence of smoking and the reasons for continuing to smoke among adults in Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, population-based study including 1,054 individuals ≥ 40 years of age, residents of the city of Florianopolis, Brazil, of whom 183 were smokers. All of the smokers completed the University of São Paulo Reasons for Smoking Scale (USP-RSS). Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and spirometry was performed to screen for COPD. Results: Of the 183 smokers, 105 (57.4%) were female, 138 (75.4%) were White, and 125 (63.8%) were in a low economic class. The mean level of education among the smokers was 9.6 ± 6.1 years. The mean smoking history was 29 ± 15 pack-years, 59% of the men having a ≥ 30 pack-year smoking history. Approximately 20% of the smokers had COPD, and 29% had depressive symptoms, which were more common in the women. The USP-RSS scores were highest for the pleasure of smoking (PS), tension reduction (TR), and physical dependence (PD) domains (3.9 ± 1.1, 3.6 ± 1.2, and 3.5 ± 1.3, respectively). Scores for the PS, TR, and weight control (WC) domains were significantly higher in women. Smokers with a > 20 pack-year smoking history scored significantly higher on the PD, PS, automatism, and close association (CA) domains. Smoking history was associated with the PD, PS, TR, and CA domains. Depressive symptoms were associated with the PD, social smoking, and CA domains (p = 0.001; p = 0.01; p = 0.09, respectively). Female gender and a low level of education were associated with the PS domain (p = 0.04) and TR domain (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking in our sample was relatively high (17.4%). The USP-RSS domains PS, TR, and WC explain why individuals continue smoking, as do depressive symptoms.


RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência de tabagismo e as razões para continuar a fumar em adultos no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional com 1.054 indivíduos com idade ≥ 40 anos residentes em Florianópolis (SC), dos quais 183 eram tabagistas. Todos os fumantes preencheram a Escala Razões para Fumar da Universidade de São Paulo (ERF-USP). Os sintomas de depressão foram avaliados por meio da Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, e a presença ou ausência de DPOC foi determinada por meio de espirometria. Resultados: Dos 183 fumantes, 105 (57,4%) eram do sexo feminino, 138 (75,4%) eram brancos e 125 (63,8%) pertenciam a uma classe econômica baixa. A média de escolaridade entre os fumantes foi de 9,6 ± 6,1 anos. A média de carga tabágica foi de 29 ± 15 anos-maço, e 59% dos homens apresentavam carga tabágica ≥ 30 anos-maço. Aproximadamente 20% dos fumantes apresentavam DPOC, e 29% apresentavam sintomas de depressão, mais comuns entre as mulheres. A pontuação obtida na ERF-USP foi maior nos domínios prazer de fumar (PF), redução da tensão (RT) e dependência física (DF): 3,9 ± 1,1; 3,6 ± 1,2 e 3,5 ± 1,3, respectivamente. A pontuação obtida nos domínios PF, RT e controle de peso (CP) foi significativamente maior entre as mulheres. Fumantes com carga tabágica > 20 anos-maço obtiveram pontuação significativamente maior nos domínios DF, PF, automatismo e associação estreita (AE). A carga tabágica relacionou-se com os domínios DF, PF, RT e AE. Sintomas de depressão relacionaram-se com os domínios DF, tabagismo social e AE (p = 0,001; p = 0,01; p = 0,09, respectivamente). Sexo feminino e baixa escolaridade relacionaram-se com os domínios PF (p = 0,04) e RT (p < 0,001). Conclusões: A prevalência de tabagismo em nossa amostra foi relativamente alta (17,4%). Os domínios PF, RT e CP da ERF-USP, bem como os sintomas de depressão, explicam por que os indivíduos continuam a fumar.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Smoking/psychology , Smoking/epidemiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/etiology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Socioeconomic Factors , Spirometry , Brazil/epidemiology , Smoking/adverse effects , Logistic Models , Sex Factors , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Analysis of Variance , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Sex Distribution , Depression/epidemiology , Health Risk Behaviors
16.
Salud pública Méx ; 60(4): 432-441, Jul.-Aug. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-979172

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar el impacto emocional y las respuestas cognitivas y actitudinales de las advertencias sanitarias, para evitar el consumo del tabaco. Material y métodos Se evaluaron 27 advertencias sanitarias de control del tabaco, procedentes de Argentina y de otros países, en 151 adolescentes y 168 adultos. Se aplicó un instrumento estandarizado para medir valencia y activación emocional y un cuestionario estructurado para la medición cognitivo-actitudinal. Se analizaron las correlaciones según edad y sexo, nivel de instrucción, condición de fumador, etapa de cambio en fumadores y susceptibilidad en adolescentes no fumadores. Resultados Se observó alta correlación entre las valoraciones cognitivo-actitudinales y las emocionales. Las advertencias basadas en imágenes cruentas y de sufrimiento generaron más respuestas actitudinales asociadas con el abandono y la prevención del consumo del tabaco. Conclusiones Se recomienda el uso de advertencias con altos niveles de activación emocional tanto para adultos como para adolescentes.


Abstract Objective To evaluate variables of tobacco health warnings associated with their emotional impact, the perception of smoking risks and the perceived effectiveness to avoid tobacco use. Materials and methods Teenagers (151) and adults (168) evaluated 27 tobacco health warnings selected from the sets used on tobacco packages in Argentina and in other countries. A standardized affective rating-scale system and a structured questionnaire measured respectively the emotional impact (hedonic valence and emotional arousal), and the cognitive-behavioral attributions. The correlation between emotional and cognitive-behavioral evaluations was analyzed by age, sex, education level, smoker status, stage of quitting and susceptibility of non-smokers teenagers. Results Strong significant correlations between cognitive-behavioral and emotional assessments were observed. The warnings depicting graphic images of tobacco-related injuries and suffering were considered more valuable for tobacco control, helping quitting and preventing initiation. Conclusions Using graphic images with high emotional arousal is recommended for both adults and teenagers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Attitude to Health , Psychology, Adolescent , Advertising , Emotions , Tobacco Use/psychology , Smoking Prevention/methods , Argentina , Program Evaluation , Surveys and Questionnaires , Age Factors , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Tobacco Use/adverse effects , Tobacco Use/prevention & control
17.
J. bras. pneumol ; 44(3): 195-201, May-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-954559

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two cognitive behavioral therapy-based smoking cessation interventions initiated during hospitalization and to evaluate the factors related to relapse after discharge. Methods: This was a prospective randomized study involving 90 smokers hospitalized in a university hospital. We collected data related to sociodemographic characteristics, reasons for admission, smoking-related diseases, smoking history, the degree of nicotine dependence (ND), and the level of craving. Patients were divided into two treatment groups: brief intervention (BrInter, n = 45); and intensive intervention with presentation of an educational video (InInterV, n=45). To assess relapse, all patients were assessed by telephone interview in the first, third, and sixth months after discharge. Abstinence was confirmed by measurement of exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO). Results: Of the 90 patients evaluated, 55 (61.1%) were male. The mean age was 51.1 ± 12.2 years. The degree of ND was elevated in 39 (43.4%), and withdrawal symptoms were present in 53 (58.9%). The mean eCO at baseline was 4.8 ± 4.5 ppm. The eCO correlated positively with the degree of ND (r = 0.244; p = 0.02) and negatively with the number of smoke-free days (r = −0.284; p = 0.006). There were no differences between the groups in terms of the variables related to socioeconomic status, smoking history, or hospitalization. Of the 81 patients evaluated at 6 months, 33 (40.7%) remained abstinent (9 and 24 BrInter and InInterV group patients, respectively; p = 0.001), and 48 (59.3%) had relapsed (31 and 17 BrInter and InInterV group patients, respectively; p= 0.001). Moderate or intense craving was a significant independent risk factor for relapse, with a relative risk of 4.0 (95% CI: 1.5-10.7; p < 0.00001). Conclusions: The inclusion of an educational video proved effective in reducing relapse rates. Craving is a significant risk factor for relapse.


RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a eficácia de duas intervenções de cessação de tabagismo baseadas na terapia cognitivo-comportamental em pacientes internados e avaliar os fatores relacionados à recaída após a alta hospitalar. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, randomizado, com 90 tabagistas internados em um hospital universitário. Foram coletados dados relacionados a características sociodemográficas, motivo da internação, doenças relacionadas ao tabagismo, carga tabágica, grau de dependência de nicotina (DN) e grau de fissura. Os pacientes foram distribuídos em dois grupos de tratamento: intervenção breve (InB; n = 45) e intervenção intensiva com apresentação de um vídeo educativo (InIV; n = 45). Para avaliar recaídas, todos os pacientes foram entrevistados por contato telefônico no primeiro, terceiro e sexto mês após a alta. A abstinência foi confirmada pela medida de monóxido de carbono no ar expirado (COex). Resultados: Dos 90 pacientes avaliados, 55 (61,1%) eram homens. A média de idade foi de 51,1 ± 12,2 anos. O grau de DN foi elevado em 39 (43,4%), e sintomas de abstinência estavam presentes em 53 (58,9%). A média de COex inicial foi de 4,8 ± 4,5 ppm. O COex se correlacionou positivamente com o grau de DN (r = 0,244; p = 0,02) e negativamente com o número de dias sem fumar (r = −0,284; p = 0,006). Não houve diferenças entre os grupos quanto a variáveis relacionadas com nível socioeconômico, carga tabágica ou internação. Dos 81 pacientes avaliados após 6 meses de segmento, 33 (40,7%) continuaram abstinentes (9 e 24 nos grupos InB e InIV, respectivamente; p = 0,001) e 48 (59,3%) recaíram (31 e 17 nos grupos InB e InIV, respectivamente; p = 0,001). O grau de fissura (moderado ou intenso) foi um fator de risco independente significativo para a recaída, com um risco relativo de 4,0 (IC95%: 1,5-10,7; p < 0,00001). Conclusões: A inclusão de um vídeo educativo provou ser eficaz na redução das taxas de recaída. O grau de fissura foi um fator de risco significativo para a recaída.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/methods , Smoking Cessation/methods , Smoking Prevention/methods , Inpatients/psychology , Patient Discharge , Recurrence , Socioeconomic Factors , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome , Time Factors , Logistic Models , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , ROC Curve , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Hospitalization
18.
Clinics ; 73: e347, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-890743

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Physicians do not adequately use their unique professional privilege to prevent patients from smoking. The aim of this study was to investigate the type and extent of advice given to patients by physicians of different medical specialties regarding smoking cessation. METHODS: In total, 317 volunteer physicians were included in this study. The participants rated their attitudes toward the smoking habits of their patients by completing a questionnaire. The approaches used to address the smoking habits of patients significantly differed among physicians working at polyclinics, clinics and emergency service departments (p<0.001). Physicians working at clinics exhibited the highest frequency of inquiring about the smoking habits of their patients, while physicians working at emergency service departments exhibited the lowest frequency. RESULTS: Physicians from different medical specialties significantly differed in their responses. Physicians specializing in lung diseases, thoracic surgery, and cardiology were more committed to preventing their patients from cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The role of physicians, particularly pulmonologists and thoracic surgeons, is critical in the fight against cigarette smoking. Promoting physician awareness of this subject is highly important in all other branches of medicine.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Physician's Role/psychology , Specialization , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/standards , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Cigarette Smoking/adverse effects , Attitude of Health Personnel , Choice Behavior , Surveys and Questionnaires , Emergency Medical Services/statistics & numerical data , Ambulatory Care Facilities/statistics & numerical data
19.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 33(3): 216-218, set. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899683

ABSTRACT

Resumen La terapia combinada es la de mezcla de farmacos para al cesación del tabaquismo, tal como terapias de reemplazo nicotínico (TRN) en modalidad prolongada como es el parche junto a una modalidad de acción corta como puede ser chicle, goma, lozenge, pastillas o inhalador nasal), es decir dos o más fármacos aprobados y demostrados útlies para el cese del tabaco con o sin el apoyo de TRN. Es muy importante considerar la comorbilidad médica y psiquiatrica porque la población que persiste adicta es cada vez más compleja en términos de comorbilidades y elevado nivel adictivo. La mayor parte de las terapias combinadas usan TRN asociadas a bupropión o vareniclina. Existe evidencia sobre efectividad y seguridad de las TRN utilizadas entre ellas o en asociación a vareniclina o bupropión, sin embargo, la evidencia sobre seguridad en la modalidad combinada no es tan robusta como la que existe para cada fármaco en monoterapia, ya que los efectos adversos se suman de manera que se sugiere reservar las combinaciones para personas con alto nivel de adicción y/o con historia de fracaso en intentos previos con monoterapia. En suma, los fármacos de demostrada efectividad y seguridad como TRN, bupropión y vareniclina pueden usarse en combinación doble o triple, preferenciando el uso de TRN de corta acción cuando se adiciona a alguno de los fármacos orales para aliviar la ansiedad por fumar.


This therapy is a combination of medicines consisting of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) using a prolonged modality such as the patch, along with a short-acting medicine such as chewing gum, lozenge, gum, or nasal inhaler). This means two or more drugs approved and demonstrated useful for cessation of smoking with or without the support of NRT. It is very important to consider medical and psychiatric comorbidity because the population that persists addicted is increasingly complex in terms of comorbidities and high addictive level. Most of the combination therapies use NRT associated with bupropion or varenicline. There is evidence on the effectiveness and safety of TRN used in both modalitres (long and short acting) in combination with varenicline or bupropion. However, safety evidence is not robust for the combination modality as it is for, each drug as monotherapy, since adverse effects are added so it is suggested to reserve the combinations for people with high level of addiction and / or history of failure in previous attempts with monotherapy. In summary, therapy with demonstrated effectiveness as NRT, bupropion and varenicline can be used in double or triple combination, prefering the use of short acting NRT added to one of the oral drugs to alleviate smoking anxiety.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Smoking Cessation/methods , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Bupropion , Combined Modality Therapy , Tobacco Use Cessation Devices , Varenicline , Nicotine
20.
Psicol. Estud. (Online) ; 22(2): 199-208, abr.-jun. 2017.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1102278

ABSTRACT

Formas inovadoras de tecnologias de comunicação, como a internet e o uso de celular, são cada vez mais utilizadas para ajudar fumantes a parar de fumar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre o uso de mensagens de celular como forma de intervenção para pessoas que desejam parar de fumar. Pesquisas foram conduzidas nas bases de dados PubMed, Psychinfo, Scielo e Pepsic. Palavras-chave incluíram: ["tobacco use cessation" OR"tobacco use disorder"] AND ["intervention studies" OR "clinical trial" OR "evaluation studies"] AND ["text messaging"]. Os critérios de seleção dos estudos foram: 1) abordarem o tema mensagens de texto de celular para o tratamento do tabagismo; 2) ser um estudo clínico; 3) artigos científicos com textos completos disponíveis em bases de dados e 4) estar nos idiomas português, espanhol ou inglês. Entre os 23 estudos encontrados, sete preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Em seis dos sete estudos encontrados o envio de mensagens de celular foi a intervenção mais eficaz. Intervenções baseadas no envio de mensagens de celular são uma estratégia complementar ao tratamento do tabagismo que podem contribuir para a cessação tabágica. A inclusão de apenas três idiomas foi uma limitação dessa revisão


Innovative forms of communication technologies such as Internet and mobile phone are increasingly being used to provide information and support to smokers who want to quit. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review about the use of mobile text messaging as an intervention for people who want to quit smoking and the possible effects of this intervention on tobacco control. Searches were conducted on PubMed, PsycInfo, Scielo and Pepsic. Search terms included: ["tobacco use cessation" OR "tobacco use disorder"] AND ["interventions studies" OR "clinical trial" OR "evaluation studies"] AND ["text messaging"]. The selection criteria were: 1) addressing the subject of mobile text messages for smoking treatment; 2) being a clinical trial; 3) scientific articles with full text available in databases and 4) being in Portuguese, Spanish or English. Among the 23 studies found, 7 met the inclusion criteria. In 6 of the 7 studies found, sending mobile messages was the most effective intervention. Interventions based on mobile text message can become an important tool to increase prevalence of smoking cessation. The inclusion of only three languages was a limitation of this review


Formas innovadoras de tecnologías de la comunicación, como Internet y el uso del teléfono móvil, se utilizan cada vez más para ayudar a los fumadores a dejar de fumar. El objetivo fue realizar una revisión sistemática el uso de envío de mensajes de textos como una intervención para las personas que desean dejar de fumar. Se realizaron encuestas en las bases de datos PubMed, PsychINFO, Scielo y Pepsic. Palabras clave incluyen: ["tobacco use cessation" OR "tobacco use disorder"] AND ["intervention studies" OR"clinical trial" OR "evaluation studies"] AND ["text messaging"]. Los criterios de selección del estudio fueron: 1) abordar el tema de los mensajes de texto móviles para el tratamiento del tabaquismo; 2) ser un estudio clínico; 3) artículos científicos con texto completo disponible en las bases de datos y 4) estar en los idiomas: portugués, español o inglés. Entre los 23 estudios encontrados, siete cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. En 6 de los 7 estudios encontrados envío de mensajes móviles fue la intervención más eficaz. Intervenciones basadas en el envío de mensajes móviles son una estrategia complementaria para el tratamiento del tabaquismo que puede contribuir a dejar de fumar. La inclusión de sólo tres idiomas fue una limitación de esta revisión.


Subject(s)
Technology , Smoking Cessation/psychology , Tobacco Use Cessation/psychology , Text Messaging , Tobacco Use Disorder/psychology , Smoking/psychology , Cell Phone/trends , Smokers/psychology
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